It's okay. ROBERT: Well, let us say you have a yard in front of your house. I think there is something like a nervous system in the forest, because it's the same sort of large network of nodes sending signals to one another. They still did not close when she dropped them. And then someone has to count. JENNIFER FRAZER: Well, maybe. ROBERT: Smaller than an eyelash. They're father and son. Yours is back of your house, but let's make it in the front. Along with a home-inspection duo, a science writer, and some enterprising scientists at . Promote. [ASHLEY: Hi. ROBERT: Salmon consumption. ROBERT: The Ubells see this happening all the time. Yeah, I know. Would they stay in the tree, or would they go down to the roots? ROBERT: Ring, meat, eat. And not too far away from this tree, underground, there is a water pipe. JAD: Are you bringing the plant parade again? To try to calculate how much springtail nitrogen is traveling back to the tree. Yours is back of your house, but let's make it in the front. And lignin is full of nitrogen, but also compounds like nitrogen is important in DNA, right? You got somewhere to go? They shade each other. They run out of energy. He's looking up at us quite scared and very unhappy that he was covered in And toilet paper. ALVIN UBELL: Testing one, two. Listen to one of these podcasts: (Read the summaries and choose the one you want) Radiolab - Update: CRISPR Radiolab - Cellmates Radiolab - Shrink Radiolab - From Tree to Shining Tree Radiolab - Antibodies Part 1: CRISPR Radiolab - Galapagos Radiolab - Smarty Plants Radiolab - Super Cool For the main post please include: Title And if you go to too many rock concerts, you can break these hairs and that leads to permanent hearing loss, which is bad. Just the sound of it? There was some kind of benefit from the birch to the fur. The magnolia tree outside of our house got into the sewer pipes, reached its tentacles into our house and busted the sewage pipe. Of Accurate Building Inspectors. So it wasn't touching the dirt at all. ROBERT: So there seemed to be, under the ground, this fungal freeway system connecting one tree to the next to the next to the next. But white, translucent and hairy, sort of. And all of a sudden, one of them says, "Oh, oh, oh, oh! And then I needed to -- the difficulty I guess, of the experiment was to find something that will be quite irrelevant and really meant nothing to the plant to start with. JAD: It was curling each time when it ROBERT: Every time. JENNIFER FRAZER: From a particular direction. She's done three experiments, and I think if I tell you about what she has done, you -- even you -- will be provoked into thinking that plants can do stuff you didn't imagine, dream they could do. The Ubells see this happening all the time. And she wondered whether that was true. Because tree roots and a lot of plant roots are not actually very good at doing what you think they're doing. LARRY UBELL: We are the principals of Accurate Building Inspectors of Brooklyn, New York. I don't know where you were that day. ROBERT: So it's not that it couldn't fold up, it's just that during the dropping, it learned that it didn't need to. So otherwise they can't photosynthesize. Well, I asked Suzanne about that. JAD: And the plant still went to the place where the pipe was not even in the dirt? JENNIFER FRAZER: Well, maybe. And again. ROBERT: Let us say you have a yard in front of your house. So we're really -- like this is -- we're really at the very beginning of this. So I think what she would argue is that we kind of proved her point. They look just like mining tunnels. And after not a whole lot of drops, the plant, she noticed, stopped closing its leaves. So that's where these -- the scientists from Princeton come in: Peter, Sharon and Aatish. And the plant still went to the place where the pipe was not even in the dirt? It was magic for me. We've all seen houseplants do that, right? These sensitive hairs he argues, would probably be able to feel that tiny difference. Okay? ROBERT: Again, science writer Jennifer Frazer. So ROBERT: He says something about that's the wrong season. JAD: The plants have to keep pulling their leaves up and they just get tired. He uses it to train his border www.npr.org Before you begin to think that this is weird science, stop. But let me just -- let me give it a try. They're one of our closest relatives, actually. Jigs emerged. Was it possible that maybe the plants correctly responded by not opening, because something really mad was happening around it and it's like, "This place is not safe.". And she goes on to argue that had we been a little bit more steady and a little bit more consistent, the plants would have learned and would have remembered the lesson. So its resources, its legacy will move into the mycorrhizal network into neighboring trees. Okay. ROBERT: And Monica wondered in the plant's case MONICA GAGLIANO: If there was only the fan, would the plant ROBERT: Anticipate the light and lean toward it? With when they actually saw and smelled and ate meat. The fact that humans do it in a particular way, it doesn't mean that everyone needs to do it in that way to be able to do it in the first place. They need light to grow. So we're up to experiment two now, are we not? Does it threaten your sense of humanity that you depend for pretty much every single calorie you eat on a plant? This -- this actually happened to me. Wait a second. Each one an ounce, an ounce, an ounce, an ounce, an ounce. So its resources, its legacy will move into the mycorrhizal network into neighboring trees. He was a -- what was he? What -- I forgot to ask you something important. JENNIFER FRAZER: They're called springtails, because a lot of them have a little organ on the back that they actually can kind of like deploy and suddenly -- boing! So there's these little insects that lives in the soil, these just adorable little creatures called springtails. Nothing delicious at all. Could a plant learn to associate something totally random like a bell with something it wanted, like food? Radiolab - Smarty Plants . In my brain. That's the place where I remember things. And then those little tubes will wrap themselves into place. I mean again, it's a tree. You give me -- like, I want wind, birds, chipmunks Like, I'm not, like, your sound puppet here. My reaction was like, "Oh ****!" Can you make your own food? I go out and I thought there's no one here on Sunday afternoon. ROBERT: It won't be a metaphor in just a moment. But the Ubells have noticed that even if a tree is 10 or 20, 30 yards away from the water pipe, for some reason the tree roots creep with uncanny regularity straight toward the water pipe. Like the bell for the dog. Or even learn? JAD: That is cool. They can't photosynthesize. So there is some water outside of the pipe. Tagged #science #technology #philosophy #education #radiolab. Here's the water.". Read about Smarty Plants by Radiolab and see the artwork, lyrics and similar artists. It was like, Oh, I might disturb my plants!" Eventually over a period of time, it'll crack the pipe like a nutcracker. Then we actually had to run four months of trials to make sure that, you know, that what we were seeing was not one pea doing it or two peas, but it was actually a majority. But let me just -- let me give it a try. ROBERT: This final thought. Our store also offers Grooming, Training, Adoptions, Veterinary and Curbside Pickup. Maybe just a tenth the width of your eyelash. SUZANNE SIMARD: Potassium and calcium and ROBERT: Like, can a tree stand up straight without minerals? The idea was to drop them again just to see, like, the difference between the first time you learn something and the next time. I don't know if you're a bank or if you're an -- so it's not necessarily saying, "Give it to the new guy." So he brought them some meat. Little seatbelt for him for the ride down. Episodes. And then they came back JENNIFER FRAZER: And they found that most of the springtails were dead. This is Ashley Harding from St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. So they didn't. And then JENNIFER FRAZER: They secrete acid. So what they're saying is even if she's totally sealed the pipe so there's no leak at all, the difference in temperature will create some condensation on the outside. Oh, one more thing. Different kind of signal traveling through the soil? SUZANNE SIMARD: It's just this incredible communications network that, you know, people had no idea about in the past, because we couldn't -- didn't know how to look. They're not experiencing extra changes, for example. So they didn't. You do. And all of a sudden, one of them says, "Oh, oh, oh, oh! ROBERT: Little white threads attached to the roots. And therefore she might, in the end, see something that no one else would see. Now the plants if they were truly dumb they'd go 50/50. Like a human would. All right, if she's going to do this experiment, most likely she's going to use cold water. People speculated about this, but no one had actually proved it in nature in the woods until Suzanne shows up. Jigs is in trouble!" Pulled out a is that a root of some sort? So we're really -- like this is -- we're really at the very beginning of this. Just the sound of it? LATIF: It's like Snow White and The Seven Tubes or something. Listen to this episode from Radiolab: Viper Members on Spotify. And for a long time, they were thought of as plants. It's a very biased view that humans have in particular towards others. I'm just trying to make sure I understand, because I realize that none of these conversations are actually spoken. JENNFER FRAZER: Well, they do it because the tree has something the fungus needs, and the fungus has something the tree needs. The roots of this tree of course can go any way they want to go. 2018. And might as well start the story back when she was a little girl. But this one plays ROBERT: So she's got her plants in the pot, and we're going to now wait to see what happens. And then I needed to -- the difficulty I guess, of the experiment was to find something that will be quite irrelevant and really meant nothing to the plant to start with. ROBERT: Apparently, bears park themselves in places and grab fish out of the water, and then, you know, take a bite and then throw the carcass down on the ground. And so I was really excited. They can adapt in an overwhelming number of ways to different conditions, different environments, different stressors, and different ecological pressures. And they, you know, they push each other away so they can get to the sky. I know. Or at the time actually, she was a very little girl who loved the outdoors. Where would the -- a little plant even store a memory? Oh, hunting for water. All right, that's it, I think. ROBERT: And she says she began to notice things that, you know, one wouldn't really expect. And I'm wondering whether Monica is gonna run into, as she tries to make plants more animal-like, whether she's just gonna run into this malice from the scientific -- I'm just wondering, do you share any of that? You got the plant to associate the fan with food. And why would -- why would the fungi want to make this network? MONICA GAGLIANO: So after the first few, the plants already realized that that was not necessary. ROBERT: So light is -- if you shine light on a plant you're, like, feeding it? So the question is A plant that is quite far away from the actual pipe, how does it know which way to turn and grow its roots so that it can find the water? And therefore she might, in the end, see something that no one else would see. JENNIFER FRAZER: They're some other kind of category. Today, Robert drags Jad along ona parade for the surprising feats of brainless plants. The last kind of part of the root gets tangled just around the edge. So, okay. Enough of that! They play with sound and story in a way that's incredibly intriguing, I was instantly hooked with More Perfect. JENNIFER FRAZER: The whole thing immediately closes up and makes it look like, "Oh, there's no plant here. ROBERT: Connecting your house to the main city water line that's in the middle of the street. ROBERT: So she takes the plants, she puts them into the parachute drop, she drops them. Big thanks to Aatish Bhatia, to Sharon De La Cruz and to Peter Landgren at Princeton University's Council on Science and Technology. Little fan goes on, the light goes on. Yeah. Yeah, it might run out of fuel. ROBERT: When you go into a forest, you see a tree, a tall tree. SUZANNE SIMARD: And when I came on the scene in 19 -- the 1980s as a forester, we were into industrial, large-scale clear-cutting in western Canada. MONICA GAGLIANO: Yeah, tested it in my lab. Parsons' Observational Practices Lab Talking About Seeing Symposium. So you -- if you would take away the fish, the trees would be, like, blitzed. There are multiple ways of doing one thing, right? Playing via SpotifyPlaying via YouTube Playback options Listening on Switch Spotify device Open in Spotify Web Player Once you understand that the trees are all connected to each other, they're all signaling each other, sending food and resources to each other, it has the feel, the flavor, of something very similar. Again. JAD: What is the tree giving back to the fungus? ROBERT: Fan, light, lean. JENNIFER FRAZER: Apparently, she built some sort of apparatus. If you get too wrapped up in your poetic metaphor, you're very likely to be misled and to over-interpret the data. Apparently she built some sort of apparatus. And we were all like, "Oh, my goodness! ROBERT: say they're very curious, but want to see these experiments repeated. To remember? But we are in the home inspection business. One else would see use cold water you shine light on a plant learn to associate the fan food. And technology our store also offers Grooming, Training, Adoptions, Veterinary and Curbside Pickup he,... Sharon De La Cruz and to over-interpret the data conversations are actually spoken how springtail. Where you were that day think what she would argue is that we kind of benefit from the birch the! The whole thing immediately closes up and they, you see a tree stand up straight without?... 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